Panicum virgatum (Switchgrass) 100 Mile

Description: H90-120cm, W60-90cm; Blue-green grass with open panicles in summer

Natural Habitat: Dry prairies, Meadows

Where to Use: Prairie, Meadow, Perennial border; Grows in clumps; Often has good summer/fall colour and attractive seed heads in winter; May self sow with less aggressive plantings

Combinations: Echinacea, Pycnanthemum (Mountain Mint), Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass), Silphium (Compass Plant, Cup Plant), Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster), Liatris (Blazing Star), Monarda (Wild Bergamot), Asclepius tuberosa (Butterfly Weed)

Where to Use:  Sun; Rock garden in well drained soils; dry gardens; perennial border; self sows if not dead headed; Hardy to Zone 4

Description: H35cm; pastel pink/blue over blue-green foliage ; late spring

Where to Use:  Sun; Rock garden in very well drained soils; dry gardens; protect from winter wet; Hardy to Zone 4/5

Penstemon confertus (Yellow Penstemon) Western N.A.

Description: H30-50cm. Spikes of whorled, pale yellow flowers. Native to the southern Canadian Rockies and growing in low to subalpine meadows. Forms a mat or clump. Hardy to Zone 4. Blooms late spring to early summer

Where to Use: Sun/Part shade. Good to average soil, but well-drained. Meadow, Rock garden, Perennial border

Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove Beardtongue)  East N.A.

Description: H90-100cm, W30cm; racemes of white tubular flowers; late spring-summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Meadows, Prairies (moist), Forest openings and edges

Where to Use: Meadow, Prairie, Perennial border; Forms clumps and will self seed

Combinations: Rudbeckia, Pycnanthemum (Mountain Mint), Heliopsis (False Sunflower), Gillenia (Bowman's Root), Vernonia (Ironweed), Liatris (Blazing Star), Monarda (Wild Bergamot)

Penstemon digitalis 'Husker Red'

Description: H90-100cm, W30cm; white flowers with burgundy leaves; late spring-summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Meadows, Prairies (moist), Forest openings and edges

Where to Use: Meadow, Prairie, Perennial border; Forms clumps and will self seed; Burgundy foliage

Combinations: Rudbeckia, Pycnanthemum (Mountain Mint), Heliopsis (False Sunflower), Gillenia (Bowman's Root), Vernonia (Ironweed), Liatris (Blazing Star), Monarda (Wild Bergamot)

Penstemon eatonii (Firecracker Penstemon) Southwestern N.A.

Description: H30-80cm; Red tubes on tall spikes; Summer

Natural Habitat: Sun; Well-drained soils on rocky slopes

Penstemon fruticosus (Shrubby Penstemon)  Western N.A.

Description: H15cm, W mat forming; Violet to purple tubes on a woody semi-shrub; leaves partly evergreen; Summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Well-drained soils slopes.  Hardy to Zone 5 if well-drained in winter.

*not available spring 2012

Penstemon grandiflorus (Large-flowered Beardtongue) EASTand CENTRAL N.A.

Description: H60-100cm, W40cm; blue/violet; late spring

Natural Habitat: Sun; Dry prairies ? more common on the midwest plains

Where to Use: Prairie, Rock Garden; Perennial border with good drainage and sandy soil

Combinations: Grasses, Monarda punctata (Spotted Mint), Gaillardia (Blanket Flower), Eryngium yuccifolium (Rattlesnake Master), Liatris punctata (Dotted Blazing Star), Yucca

Penstemon hirsutus (Hairy Beardtongue) 100 Mile

Description: H40cm, W30cm; violet with white tips; early summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Rocky hillsides, Ledges, Outcrops, Meadows; Sandy soils

Where to Use: Rock gardens, Perennial border, Meadow; Drought resistant when established; Plant in areas with well-drained soil

Combinations: Callirhoe (Wine Cups), Aquilegia (Columbine), Potentilla arguta (Tall cinquefoil), Asclepius tuberosa (Butterfly Weed), Baptisia (False Indigo), Ratibida (Coneflower)

Penstemon hirsutus v pygmaeus 'Alba' (Dwarf White Beardtongue) 100 Mile

Penstemon hirsutus v. pygmaeus (Dwarf Hairy Beardtongue) 100 Mile

Description: Same as P. hirsutus but only grows 15cm tall.

Where to Use: Excellent spreading mat in Rock gardens

Penstemon nitidus (Shining Penstemon)  Western N.A.

Description: H20cm, W20cm; Sky blue with pinkish markings on throats; Summer

Natural Habitat: Sun; Well-drained soils in Prairies

Where to Use: Rock garden; Hardy to Zone 4 if not wet during winters

*not available spring 2012

Penstemon ovatus (Broad-leaved Penstemon) Western N.A.

Description: H60-90cm. Beautiful dark blue spikes in late spring or early summer. Native to forest clearings and rocky slopes of the Cascade Mountains in B.C. Hardy to Zone 5.

Where to Use: Part sun. Average soils but well drained especially in winter (add coarse sand or gravel to planting mix). Rock garden, Perennial border.

Penstemon pinifolius 'Compactus' (Pine-leaved Penstemon)  Western N.A.

Description: H15cm, W mats;  Scarlet tubes over mats of needle-like foliage; Summer

Natural Habitat: Sun; Well-drained, sandy or rocky slopes

Penstemon whippleanus (Whipple's Beardtongue) Western N.A.

Description: H60cm. Violet to dark purple flowers. Native to well-drained alpine slopes. Hardy to Zone 4/5. Blooms in summer

Where to Use: Full/Part sun with excellent drainage (especially in winter). Rock garden, Hillside

Phegopteris connectilis (Narrow Beech Fern) 100 Mile

Description: H20-30cm, W50cm; Bright green fern

Natural Habitat: Shade; Moist, acidic forest soils

Where to Use: Woodland; Full shade with moisture; Groundcover

Combinations: Sanguinaria (Bloodroot), Tiarella (Foam Flower), Other Ferns, Podophyllum (Mayapple), Arisaema (Jack-in-the-pulpit)

Phlox divaricata (Woodland Phlox) 100 Mile

Description: H30, W40; Mauve to blue; spring

Natural Habitat: Part sun/Shade; Deciduous woods

Where to Use: Woodland, Shade garden; Under shrubs/trees for spring bloom

Combinations: Ferns, Dicentra cucullaris (Dutchman's Britches), Tiarella (Foam Flower), Uvularia (Bellwort), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Hepatica, Claytonia (Spring Beauty), Actaea (Baneberries), Caulophyllum (Blue Cohosh), Sanguinaria (Bloodroot)

Phlox paniculata (Border Phlox)       East N.A. and Garden cultivars

Description: H100cm; pink/white/purple; summer

Where to Use: Sun/Part Sun;  Fertile soils; Perennial border

Phlox subulata (Moss Phlox)   100 Mile and Garden cultivars

Description: H15cm, spreading mats; Pink/blue/white; spring

Natural Habitat:  Sun; Rocky slopes, sandy soils

Where to Use:   Rock garden, Shoreline slopes, Alternative lawns, Perennial borders

Physostegia virginiana (Obedience Plant) 100 Mile

Description: H70cm, W40cm; pinky purple or white; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Meadows; Average soils

Where to Use: Perennial border, Meadow, Prairie; Spreads more in moist rich soils; Prefers moist soils

Combinations:  Ratibida (Coneflower), Grasses, Asters, Veronicastrum (Culver's Root), Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove Beardtongue), Helenium, Thalictrum pubescens (Tall Meadow Rue)

Natural Habitat:  Wide range of soils and light conditions

Where to Use:   Mixed tree plantings, specimen tree, wind breaks

Description: H40cm; White/pink flowers, sometimes variegated foliage; spring; red fruit

Where to Use:  Part shade/Shade; Woodland/shade garden; Moist soils with high organic content; Hardy to Zone 5

(Photo credit:  J.M. Garg)

Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple) 100 Mile

Description: H30cm, W-spreading; white flowers in spring followed by a yellowish fruit

Natural Habitat: Part sun/Shade; Moist woodland, Clearings, Floodplains

Where to Use: Woodland, Shade garden, Stream edge (with some shade); Tall groundcover; Spreads by rhizomes to create large colonies

Combinations: Ferns, Smilacena (False Solomon's Seal), Uvularia (Bellwort), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Hepatica, Claytonia (Spring Beauty), Actaea (Baneberries), Caulophyllum (Blue Cohosh), Sanguinaria (Bloodroot)

Polygonatum biflorum (Solomon's Seal)  100 Mile

Description: H60cm, W40cm; hanging, white flowers in spring followed by a blue/black fruit in the fall

Natural Habitat: Part sun/Shade; Well-drained woodland soils

Where to Use: Woodland, Shade garden,  Spreads gently to create lsmall colonies

Combinations: Ferns, Uvularia (Bellwort), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Hepatica, Claytonia (Spring Beauty), Actaea (Baneberries), Caulophyllum (Blue Cohosh), Sanguinaria (Bloodroot)

Polygonatum hybrid (Solomon's Seal)     Garden hybrid

Description: H100cm ; hanging, white flowers in spring ; spreads by underground rhizomes

Where to Use: Part sun/Shade; Well-drained woodland soils; Woodland, Shade garden

Combinations: Ferns, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Actaea (Baneberries), Aralia racemosa  (Spikenard)

Polypodium virginianum (Rock Polypody) 100 Mile

Description: H20cm, W20-30cm; small colony-forming fern

Natural Habitat: Part shade/Shade; Mossy rocks and outcrop crevices in thin, acidic soil

Where to Use: Woodland rock gardens, Mossy boulders, Shaded rock walls; Slow growing but hardy

Combinations: Linnaea (Twin Flower), Moss, Other ferns, Viola blanda (Sweet White Violet)

Polystichum acrostichoides (Christmas Fern) 100 Mile

Description: H30cm, W60cm; dark green, evergreen fern with long, thin fronds

Natural Habitat: Part shade/Shade; Well drained woods and rocky slopes

Where to Use: Woodland, Shade garden

Combinations: Smilacena (False Solomon's Seal), Tiarella (Foam Flower), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Actaea (Baneberry), Caulophyllum (Blue Cohosh), Sanguinaria (Bloodroot), Waldsteinia fragarioides (Barren Strawberry)

*not available 2012

Pontedaria cordata (Pickerel Plant)     100 Mile

Description: H60cm; purple spikes in summer

Natural Habitat:  Sun;  Shallow water (30-60cm); spreads by rhizomes to create patches

Where to Use:   Marginal pond plant; Water containers

Combinations: Arrowhead (Sagittaria), Water willow (Decodon verticillata), Schoenoplectus spp. (Bulrushes), Juncus spp. (Rushes), Sparganium (Bur-reed)

Potentilla arguta  (Tall White Cinquefoil)   100 Mile

Description: H90cm, W60cm; white flower clusters on top of felted stalks and leaves in early summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; Dry fields, Meadows, Woodland Clearings

Where to Use: Naturalized Areas, Meadows, Rock Garden

Combinations: Grasses, Rudbeckia (Coneflowers), Echinacea, Asters

Description: H90cm, W40-60cm; Yellow flowers in clusters; Summer

Natural Habitat:  Sun; Wet to dry soils, Rocky soils, Lakeshores, Marshes, Meadows

Where to Use: Extremely adaptable - Naturalized Areas, Meadows, Rock Garden, Shrub plantings, Perennial beds

Combinations: Grasses, Sedges, Viburnum, Asters, Thalictrum pubescens (Tall Meadow Rue), Asclepias incarnata (Swamp Milkweed), Ironweed (Vernonia spp.), Eupatorium (Joe-pye Weed, Boneset)

Potentilla gracilis  (Slender Cinquefoil)   100 Mile

Description: H30cm, W30cm; bright yellow flowers in summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; Dry fields, Meadows, Woodland Clearings

Where to Use: Naturalized Areas, Meadows, Rock Garden, Prairie

Combinations: Grasses, Rudbeckia (Coneflowers), Echinacea, Asters

Potentilla palustris (Swamp Cinquefoil)   100 Mile

Description: H60cm, W60cm; purplish flowers on a sprawling plant in early summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; Wetland, Boggy marshes, Ditches

Where to Use: Naturalized Areas wet areas, Pond/Bog garden

Combinations:  Sedges, Willows (Salix), Bog Birch (Betula pumila), Swamp Milkweed (Asclepias incarnata), Ilex verticillata (Winterberry), Sarracenia (Pitcher Plant)

Primula laurentiana (Birdeye Primrose)   100 Mile

Description:  H25cm, W10cm; lilac, growing form a rosette of leaves; spring

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; rocky ledges and cliffs, shorelines on gravelly limestone rock crevices

Where to Use: Rock garden, Gravelly waterside slope

Combinations: Other Rock Garden plants and Alpines

Prunus nigra (Canada Plum)  100 Mile

Description: Tree or multiple-stemmed shrub to 5m; White flowers in spring, red/orange fruit in late summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; Woodland, Woodland edge

Where to Use: Naturalized Areas, Specimen tree, Woodland; Attracts birds; Edible fruit

Combinations: Cornus alternifolia (Pagoda Tree), VIburnum, Prunus virginiana (Choke Cherry), Aster cordifolius     *sold out 2012

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; Woodland, Woodland edge

Where to Use: Naturalized Areas, Specimen tree, Woodland; Attracts birds

Combinations: Cornus alternifolia (Pagoda Tree), VIburnum, Prunus virginiana (Choke Cherry), Other trees and shrubs

 100 Mile

Description: Tree to 15m, White flowers in spring, black fruit in late summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; Woodland, Woodland edge

Where to Use: Naturalized Areas, Specimen tree, Woodland; Attracts birds

Combinations: Cornus alternifolia (Pagoda Tree), VIburnum, Prunus virginiana (Choke Cherry), Other trees and shrubs

Descrip

Where to Use:   Yard trees, Woodland groupings, specimen tree; Hardy to Zone 3; larval food for Giant Swallowtail

Description: H40cm; pinky red; early spring; summer leaves are lightly spotted

Where to Use:  Shade/Part shade;  Protected woodland/shade garden; Moist soils; Blooms same time as early bulbs

Pulsatilla vulgaris (Pasqueflower)     Europe

Description: H30cm. Clumps of purple/red/white blossoms on hairy stems; early spring; decorative seed heads. Native to dry, sandy locations in Europe and Asia. Hardy to Zone 4.

Where to Use: Sun/Part sun. Excellent Rock garden plant, Raised Perennial beds, Troughs. Needs sandy soils with good drainage.

Descrip

Natural Habitat:  Sun/Part sun; Thickets, Dry meadows

Where to Use:   Meadow garden, Naturalized areas, Informal perennial beds; plants spread to form large clumps;  Attracts butterflies

Combinations: Grasses, Rudbeckia, Echinacea, Eryngium yuccifolium (Rattlesnake Master), Veronicastrum (Culver's Root)

Descrip

Natural Habitat:  Meadows, Clearings, Prairies

Where to Use:   Sun/Part Sun;  Average moisture, Meadow gardens, Naturalized areas; Can be a bit aggressive in good garden conditions; Excellent nectar plant for bees and pollinators

Combinations: Anise Hyssop (Agastache foeniculum), Little Bluestem (Schizachyrium), Hairy Penstemon (Penstemon hirsutus), Coreopsis

Pycnanthemum virginianum (Common Mountain Mint) 100 Mile

Description: H60-90cm, W80cm; white flowers, fragrant leaves; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part shade; Meadows, Prairies, Open woods

Where to Use: Meadow, Prairie, Perennial border, Naturalized areas; Aromatic foliage; Spreads in moist soils and needs dividing every 2 years; attracts butterflies

Combinations: Liatris pycnostachya (Blazing Star), Rudbeckia, Echinacea, Dalea (Purple Prairie Clover), Lilium canadense and L. superbum (Canada and Turk's Cap Lily), Grasses

Quercus alba (White Oak)     100 Mile

Description: Large tree to 35m; slow growing but long lived

We grow 1-2 year old seedlings

Quercus macrocarpa (Burr Oak)     100 Mile

Description: Medium tree to 15m; adaptable to many soils; drought tomerant when established

We grow 1-2 year old seedlings

Quercus rubra (Red Oak)     100 Mile

Description: Medium tree to 25m; Faster growing than Q. alba

Ratibida pinnata (Grey-headed Coneflower) 100 Mile

Description: H90cm, W60cm; yellow with green central cone; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun; Dry Prairies and Meadows, Clearings; Well-drained soils

Where to Use: Prairie, Meadow, Perennial border, Naturalized areas, Roadsides; Moist or dry soils but needs good drainage; Looks good massed; Long lasting flowers

Combinations: Agastache (Anise hyssop), Vernonia (Ironweed), Liatris (Blazing Star), Monarda fistulosa (Wild Bergamot), Grasses, Echinacea

Rhododendron hybrid (Deciduous Azalea mix)      Garden Hybrids

Description: Variable shrubs to 3m. Seedlings from open pollinated, deciduous azaleas (many from ?Northern Lights? series). Yellow/orange/pink blossoms in spring. Acidic, moist soil.

Where to Use: Sun/Part shade in a protected location with other shrubs and conifers. Prefers acidic soils with steady moisture (Raised beds with peat moss/fir bark compost can be used).

Rosa blanda (Smooth Wild Rose) 100 Mile

Description: Shrub to 1m; pink, single flowers followed by red fruit; early summer

Natural Habitat: Sun; Clearings, Meadows, Shorelines, Rocky slopes

Where to Use: Meadows, Rocky hillsides; Naturalized areas, Rock garden; Upper stems have few or no prickles; Attracts wildlife

Combinations: Campanula rotundifolia (Harebell), Grasses, Oenothera (Sun Drops), Penstemon hirsutus (Hairy Beardtongue), Potentilla, Rudbeckia

Rosa palustris (Swamp Rose)      100 Mile

Description: H2m; clusters of single pink flowers, red fruit; summer

Natural Habitat:  Open, moist areas; Shorelines, Edges of wetlands, Ditches, swamps

Where to Use:   Sun/Part sun; Naturalizing shorelines, Moist sites; Shrub plantings with good moisture

Combinations: Buttonbush (Cephelanthes), Winterberry (Ilex verticillata), Blue flag (Iris versicolor), Sedges/Rushes (Carex/Juncus)

Rubus odoratus (Purple-flowering Raspberry) 100 Mile

Description: Shrub to 1.5m; rose purple flowers and red fruit; summer

Natural Habitat:Part sun; Thickets, Woodland edges, Shorelines, Ravines

Where to Use: Woodland, Shade garden, Pond edge (with some shade), Informal naturalized areas ? sprawls a bit too much for formal plantings; No thorns or prickles

Rudbeckia fulgida  (Orange Coneflower)   EASTERN N.A.

Description: H50cm, W30cm;  orange with brown centre; late summer to fall

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; Fields, Meadows, Openings/edges of woodland

Where to Use: Meadow, Prairie, Perennial border, Lightly shaded woodland.

Rudbeckia hirta  (Black-eyed Susan)   100 Mile

Description: H80cm, W30cm;  yellow/gold with brown centre; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part Sun; Fields, Meadows, Openings/edges of woodland

Where to Use: Meadow, Prairie, Perennial border, Lightly shaded woodland - may be short lived, but self seeds

Combinations: Penstemon digitalis (Foxglove Penstemon), Asclepias tuberosa (Butterfly Weed), Echinacea, Solidago (Goldenrod), Vernonia (Ironweed), Asters, Grasses 

Rudbeckia laciniata (Cutleaf Coneflower) 100 Mile

Description: H120-150cm, W100cm; light yellow with green centre; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part shade; Moist clearings, Meadows, Openings/edges of woodland

Where to Use: Meadow, Prairie (moist), Perennial border, Lightly shaded woodland

Combinations: Helenium (Sneezeweed), Solidago (Goldenrod), Vernonia (Ironweed), Asters, Grasses

Rudbeckia subtomentosa (Sweet Conflower)  East N.A.

Description: H90-150cm, W100cm; yellow with brown centre, gray-green leaves; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun; Moist clearings, Meadows and Prairies

Where to Use: Meadow, Prairie (moist), Perennial border, Lightly shaded woodland

Combinations: Helenium (Sneezeweed), Solidago (Goldenrod), Vernonia (Ironweed), Asters, Grasses

Rudbeckia triloba (Tall Brown-eyed Susan)  Eastern N.A.

Natural Habitat:   Sun/ Part sun; Meadows, Clearings, Woodland edges; Average soils

Where to Use:   Back of Perennial Border; Naturalized areas, Meadows - may be short-lived bu self seeds

Combinations:  Grasses, Coreopsis tripteris (Tall Tickseed),  Silphium (Cup Plant), Other Coneflowers (Rudbeckia, Echinacea), Aster novae-angliae (New England Aster)

Sagittaria latifolia (Arrowhead) 100 Mile

Description: H50-80cm, W - spreading clumps; white; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Streams and shallow water in marshes and lakes

Where to Use: Submerged in pond garden, Wetland

Combinations: Bur reed (Sparganium spp.), Water Plantain, Iris versicolor (Blue Flag), Cattail (Typha), Pickeral Weed (Pontedaria)

Sambucus canadensis (Elderberry) 100 Mile

Description: Shrub to 3m; clusters of white flowers in summer followed by purple/black fruit

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Moist meadows, Wetland edges, Swamps, Ditches

Where to Use:Pond edges, Accent shrub in perennial border, Meadow, Moist woodland edge; Attracts butterflies, birds, pollinators; Edible fruit

Combinations: Eupatorium (Boneset, Joe-pye Weed), Thalictrum pubescens (Tall Meadow Rue), Vernonia (Ironweed), Carex (Sedges ? tall), Aster umbellatus (Flat-topped Aster), Clematis virginiana (Virgin's Bower)

Description: Shrub to 3m; purple buds opening white in early spring; red fruit in summer

Natural Habitat:  Part sun/Shade;  Open woods, Woodland edge, Clearings

Where to Use:  Mixed shrub plantings; Open shade

Sanguinaria canadensis (Bloodroot) 100 Mile

Description: H20-30cm, W40cm; white; early spring

Natural Habitat: Part sun/Shade; Woodland soils

Where to Use: Woodland, Shade garden, Under shrubs/trees; Spreads to create clumps; Unusual leaves last all season

Combinations: Ferns, Smilacena (False Solomon's Seal), Tiarella (Foam Flower), Uvularia (Bellwort), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Hepatica, Claytonia (Spring Beauty), Actaea (Baneberries), Caulophyllum (Blue Cohosh), Mertensia (Virginia Bluebells)

Description: H150cm, W60cm; tall white spikes; summer

Natural Habitat:  Sun; moist meadows, bogs, wetlands

Where to Use:   Moist soils, Pond edged, Naturalized shorelines

Sarracenia purpurea (Pitcher Plant) 100 Mile

Description: H30-60cm, W30; red/yellow flowers over pitchers (leaves) green with red veining; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Bogs; Acidic soil

Where to Use: Bog garden. Containers

Saruma henryi (Chinese Wild Ginger)     Asia

Description: H60-70cm. Pastel yellow flowers accompanied by felted gray/green foliage somewhat reminiscent of our native Wild Ginger but with a bushy form. Shoots have an attractive purplish tinge as they emerge in the spring. Plants bloom mostly in the spring but continue throughout the summer. Native to China. Hardy to Zone 4.

Where to Use: Excellent Woodland or Shade garden plant. Spreads slowly to fill in a mixed planting. Contrasts pleasingly with ferns and other shade plants

Sauromatum venosum (=Typhonium venosum) (Voodoo Lily)

Description: H80cm. Not really a lily, but in the Arum family (along with our native Jack-in-the-pulpit). A bizarre purple hood with yellow flecks shrouding a long brown spadix. The flowering structure is followed by a large (70cm) umbrella leaf with snakeskin markings on the stalk. The flowers produce a rotting odour for a few days to attract pollinators. The main tuber will produce offsets for additional plants.

Where to Use: Part sun/Shade. Soils with organic matter and moisture during the growing season. Shade garden. Perennial border. Excellent in containers. Lift the tubers in the fall and store cool and dry until spring.

Schizachyrium scoparium (Little Bluestem) 100 Mile

Description: H30-90cm, W30-50cm; upright grass with silvery seed heads

Natural Habitat: Sun; Prairie, Meadow, Fields; Variety of soils

Where to Use: Prairie, Meadow, Perennial border, Naturalized areas, Bank stabilization; Good fall colour and winter interest

Combinations: Other grasses, Echinacea, Rudbeckia (Coneflower),  Ratibida, Coreopsis tripteris (Tall Tickseed), Helianthus (Sunflower), Baptisia (False Indigo), Dalea (Purple Prairie Clover), Asters

Schoenoplectus acutus (Hardstem Rush)     100 Mile      

Description: H2m; tall, stiff, dark green stems;  drooping spikelets of cinnamon brown; summer

Natural Habitat:  Sun;  Marshes and shorelines; Forms colonies by underground rhizomes

Where to Use:   Naturalized shorelines, Ponds

Scirpus cyperinus  (Wool Rush)   100 Mile

Description:  H120cm, W60cm; Grass-like stalks and leaves with a loose nodding head of fuzzy cinnamon seeds

Natural Habitat:  Sun/Part Sun; Wet to moist Meadows and Wetland edges

Where to Use:   Pond edges, Moist Meadows or naturalized areas; Erosion control - seed heads remain ornamental into the winter

Combinations: Carex (Sedges), Verbena hastata (Blue Vervain), Salix (Willows), Eupatorium (Joe-pye Weed, Boneset)

Scirpus pendulus (Rufous Bulrush)     100 Mile

Description: H80cm; drooping spikelets of cinnamon brown above grassy foliage; summer

Natural Habitat:  Sun;  Moist meadows, Ditches, Stream banks, Wetlands

Where to Use:   Moist meadows, Naturalized shorelines, Pond edges

Combinations: Monkey Flower (Mimulus), Blue Flag (Iris versicolor), Other Bulrush (Scirpus), Rushes (Juncus), Sedges (Carex)

Scutellaria baicalensis (Baical Skullcap)  Asia

Description: H30cm; purple flowers on many stems; summer

Where to Use:  Sun; Rock garden; Well drained soils; drought toleran; attracts hummingbirds; Hardy to Zone 4

Scutellaria incana (Downy Skullcap) EAST N.A.

Description: H70cm, W30cm; violet; late summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part shade; Open, dry woods; Well-drained soils

Where to Use: Meadows, Perennial border, Woodland edges

Combinations: Amsonia (Bluestar), Podophyllum peltatum (Mayapple), Smilacena racemosa (False Solomon's Seal), Actaea (Baneberry)

Sedum kamtschaticum (Yellow Stonecrop)      Asia

Description: H15cm; mats of succulent foliage; clusters of yellow flowers in spring

Where to Use:  Sun; well drained, dry soils; Rock gardens; propagates easily from cuttings; Hardy to Zone 4

Sedum rupestre (Rocky Stonecrop)     Europe

Description: H15cm; mats of succulent foliage; yellow flowers stalks in late spring

Where to Use: Sun; well drained, dry soils; Rock gardens; propagates easily from cuttings; clip off dead flowers to prevent self seeding; Hardy to Zone 4

Silene regia  (Royal Catchfly)  Eastern N.A.

Description: H60-100cm, W40cm; red; summer

Natural Habitat:   Sun/Part Sun; Clearings, Prairies in a range of average soils

Where to Use:   Prairie, Meadows, Naturalized areas, Back of mixed perennial borders

Combinations:  Grasses, Eryngium yuccifolium (Rattlesnake Master), Asters, Potentilla arguta (Tall Cinquefoil)

Silphium integrifolium (Rosinweed)  East N.A.

Description: H2m; yellow; summer

Natural Habitat:  Sun; Prairie, Fields, Clearings in woods

Where to Use:  Meadow or Prairie garden with tall grasses or perennials; back of Perennial border

Silphium perfoliatum (Cup Plant) 100 Mile

Description: H90-180cm, W120cm; yellow; summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Low, open woods, Moist Meadow and Prairie

Where to Use: Prairie (tall grass), Meadows, Perennial border (back),Woodland edge; Seeds attract birds

Combinations: Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass), Andropogon gerardii (Big Bluestem), Solidago (Goldenrod), Asters, Eupatorium (Boneset, Joe-pye Weed), Echinacea, Vernonia (Ironweed), Monarda (Bee Balm)

Sisyrinchium montanum (Blue-eyed Grass) 100 Mile

Description: H40cm, W15cm; blue/violet; early summer

Natural Habitat: Sun; Grassy clearings, Moist meadows

Where to Use: Meadows, Perennial border, Moist Rocky areas; Well-drained soil

Combinations: Viola (Violets), Geum triflorum (Prairie Smoke), Grasses (short), Antennaria (Pussytoes), Fragaria (Wild Strawberry)

Smilacena racemosa (=Maianthemum racemosum) (False Solomon's Seal)   100 Mile

Description: H50cm, W70cm; White flowers in spring, red fruit in late summer

Natural Habitat: Shade/Part shade; Mixed woods

Where to Use: Shade garden, Under trees, Woodland garden

Combinations: Ferns, Tiarella (Foam Flower), Uvularia (Bellwort), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Hepatica, Claytonia (Spring Beauty), Actaea (Baneberries), Caulophyllum (Blue Cohosh), Mertensia (Virginia Bluebells)

Solidago caesia (Wreath Goldenrod) 100 Mile

Description: H30-90cm, W40cm; yellow; autumn

Natural Habitat: Part sun/Shade; Woodland

Where to Use: Woodland, Shade garden, Woodland edge; Arching stems from clumps ? not an aggressive spreader

Combinations: Hystrix patula (Bottlebrush Grass), Aster cordifolius (Heart-leaved Aster), Aster macrophylla (Large-leaved Aster), Aquilegia (Columbine), Dryopteris marginalis (Marginal Shield Fern)

Sorghastrum nutans (Indiangrass) 100 Mile

Description: H90-150cm, W70cm; grass maturing in late summer

Natural Habitat: Sun/Part sun; Tallgrass Prairie, Meadows, Woodland clearings

Where to Use: Prairie, Meadow, Perennial border (specimen clumps)

Combinations: Grasses, Silphium (Cup Plant, Compass Plant), Eryngium yuccifolium (Rattlesnake Master), Helianthus (Sunflowers), Echinacea, Liatris (Blazing Star), Desmodium (Showy Tick Trefoil), Solidago (Goldenrod), Asters

Description: H40cm, W40cm; Red and yellow blooms; Summer

Natural Habitat: Shade/Part Shade; Woodland soils with regular moisture

Where to Use:  Massed in Woodland or Shade gardens

Combinations: Ferns, Tiarella (Foam Flower), Uvularia (Bellwort), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Actaea (Baneberries), Phlox divaricata (Woodland Phlox)

Description: H50cm, W40cm; Pink bells in spring, Red fruit in summer

Natural Habitat: Shade/Part shade; Moist woodland, Shaded floodplains

Where to Use: Shade gardens, Woodland gardens

Combinations: Ferns, Tiarella (Foam Flower), Uvularia (Bellwort), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Actaea (Baneberries), Phlox divaricata (Woodland Phlox)

Natural Habitat: Shade/Part Shade; Woodland soils

Where to Use: Shade Garden, Woodland, Perennial border with shade

Combinations:  Ferns, Tiarella (Foam Flower), Uvularia (Bellwort), Trillium, Thalictrum dioicum (Early Meadow Rue), Actaea (Baneberries), Phlox divaricata (Woodland Phlox)